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Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose) — an important source of fuel for your body.

With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

Type 2 diabetes used to be known as adult-onset diabetes, but today more children are being diagnosed with the disorder, probably due to the rise in childhood obesity. There's no cure for type 2 diabetes, but losing weight, eating well and exercising can help manage the disease. If diet and exercise aren't enough to manage your blood sugar well, you may also need diabetes medications or insulin therapy.Diabetologists in Vashi .

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly. In fact, you can have type 2 diabetes for years and not know it. Look for:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased hunger
• Unintended weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores
• Frequent infections
• Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck

Causes

Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin. Exactly why this happens is unknown, although genetics and environmental factors, such as being overweight and inactive, seem to be contributing factors.

There’s no doubt that the primary concern of people dealing with type 1 diabetes is “how to control the blood sugar levels”? Perhaps, the only way they can prevent the kidney, eye, and vascular problems is by maintaining their blood sugar level. However, the recent studies suggest type 1 diabetes patient is more prone to autoimmune diseases. The study further revealed that 1 out of every 5 children suffering from type 1 diabetes tends to develop another autoimmune ailment. Type 1 Diabetes has a major impact on aged people (65+ years). In fact, half of the aged individuals struggling with Type 1 Diabetes are likely to experience other autoimmune diseases. Now the question is “what autoimmune diseases are the Type 1 Diabetes patients are prone to?”

What Autoimmune Diseases are Common in Type 1 Diabetes Patients?

Some of the most common autoimmune diseases associated with Type 1 Diabetes are celiac disease, Addison’s disease, and hypothyroidism. As most of the Type 1 Diabetes patients are likely to develop celiac disease and hypothyroidism, doctors often suggest these patients a routine screening. It is essential to note that autoimmune diseases can either develop before or after the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes.

Specialists should check the diabetic patients for celiac disease and thyroid. There are no critical symptoms associated with celiac disease or thyroid, but the Type 1 Diabetes patients are advised to consult with their doctor if they witness unusual symptoms such as changes in glycemic control or weight, improper digestion, and other digestive problems. Our immune system is one of the most vital parts of a human body, as it keeps the body from hazardous organisms including bacteria, viruses, and other microbes. But what’s surprising is the immune system that is designed to preserve our body from the attack of foreign matter can sometimes turn awry and attack the vital organs of our body. When the immune system doesn’t work properly and negatively affect the other tissues and organs of a human body, the autoimmune diseases are likely to happen.

What Causes Autoimmune Diseases in Type 1 Diabetes Patients?

Though the exact reason behind this issue isn’t confirmed yet, research suggests that environmental and genetic factors are the leading causes behind autoimmune ailments. As per the clinical research, it is not diabetes that causes autoimmune problems in teens and kids. There isn’t any proven cause of autoimmune diseases in Type 1 Diabetes patients discovered but genetics are most likely the cause of these ailments.

Studies based on Type 1 Diabetes associated autoimmune diseases discovered that the genetic risk factors had a major influence on celiac disease, thyroid, and other autoimmune ailments. As DNA of an individual passes through several generations, the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in Type 1 Diabetes patients isn’t uncommon. The main reason why it is hard to discover the exact cause behind autoimmune disorders is the complex structure of the human immune system.Diabetologist Doctors in vashi

That’s why the treatment of thyroid, celiac disease, and other immune disorders is challenging. A proper diet, hormone replacement, and anti-inflammatory drugs may relieve the symptoms to some extent but they can’t cure the issue.

In people with diabetes, blood glucose levels are higher than normal because the body does not produce enough insulin and often cannot use insulin properly.

Insulin is a hormone needed for glucose to enter the cells and be converted to energy. There are two main types of diabetes—type 1 and type 2.

What is type 1 diabetes?

• Occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin.
• Represents 10-15 per cent of all cases of diabetes.
• Usually the onset is abrupt and symptoms are obvious.
• Symptoms can include excessive thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, weakness, fatigue and blurred vision.
• Half of new cases occur in people aged 15 years or over.
• Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (L.A.D.A.) is a slow onset form of type 1 diabetes occurring in adults over 30 years of age. LADA is frequently misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes.

What is type 2 diabetes?

• Occurs when either the insulin is not working effectively (insulin resistance) or the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin (or a combination of both).
• Represents 85-90 per cent of all cases of diabetes.
• Usually develops in adults over the age of 45 years but it is increasingly occurring at a younger age.
• Is more likely to develop in people with a family history or from particular ethnic backgrounds.
• Symptoms may be similar to those for type 1 diabetes. Other symptoms of type 2 diabetes include; frequent infections (thrush, urinary tract or skin infections), slow wound healing. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not have any symptoms or they may be very mild.
• In early stages type 2 diabetes can usually be managed with a healthy lifestyle and regular medical checks but eventually medications and/or insulin may be required.What is the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Usually the onset is abrupt and symptoms are obvious. Type 1 diabetes is more commonly diagnosed in children and young adults but can occur at any age. Type 1 diabetes is always treated with insulin.
  
  Type 2 diabetes is the form of diabetes that is related to ageing, family history and lifestyle factors (overweight and inactivity). It occurs when the insulin is not working effectively (insulin resistance) or the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin (or a combination of both).  Most people with diabetes have type 2. It usually develops in adults over the age of 45 years but it is increasingly occurring at a younger age. Type 2 diabetes is treated with healthy eating, exercise and weight control. Tablets and insulin may also be required.

To discuss more about Diabetes Problem you can consult a doctor via video or telephone call at Medharbour.com

14th November is celebrated as World Diabetes Day every year. This day calls for a global awareness campaign on Diabetes. So, read on to discover 5 rare facts about Diabetes that will help you remain aware.

Do share your views below!

1. THE SILENT KILLER

The most common form of Diabetes - Type 2 Diabetes - hardly come with any symptoms. This is why it is infamously known to be the silent killer. About one-third of every diabetic patient are not aware that they are suffering from the disease.

Diabetes affects health by raising blood glucose level. This excessive raise renders the cells unable to transfer glucose into energy. Thus, it keeps accumulating in the blood.

This excessive accumulation is dangerous, as it may damage your vital organs like heart, kidneys and eyes. In the long run, this accumulation may also cause stroke, heart attack, or coma. Causing death without prior symptoms is the reason why Diabetes is known to be the silent killer.

1. DIABETES ARE OF 3 TYPES

Diabetes is often mistaken to be of two types. Other than Type 1 and Type 2, there also exists a third type - Gestational Diabetes. As is apparent from its term, this Diabetes affects women during their pregnancies. If a pregnant woman’s blood sugar rises abnormally, she is diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes.

Indian women are generally more vulnerable to Gestational Diabetes. By staying under extra care during pregnancy, they are more likely to consume calorific food. Gestational Diabetes often converts into Type 2 Diabetes after delivery!

3. DIABETES CAN CAUSE AMPUTATIONS

In spite of celebrating World Diabetes Day annually, much awareness about Diabetes remains unspread. Lack of awareness and health service during Diabetes is dangerous. Neglecting a diabetic patient can cause severe complications, including amputations.

Diabetes is, in fact, the leading cause of amputations. This is why foot care is important for diabetic patients throughout their life. It is as important as taking a regular dose of insulin for Type 1 diabetic patients.

1. DIABETES DEATH PREDICTIONS

According to the World Health Organisation, total diabetic deaths is likely to increase by more than 50% in the next 10 years.

And over 80% of the upper middle income countries are going to suffer from diabetic deaths. So, beware of this silent killer named Diabetes!

5. DIABETES IN INDIA

Being the second largest population in the world is not the only bad news for India. It is also the Diabetes Capital of the world!

Approximately 40 million Indians are currently suffering from diabetes. This number is most likely to increase to 70 million by 2025. Thus, 1 among every 5 diabetic in the world is most likely to be an Indian!

The major cause of diabetes in India is their central obesity. Apple shaped bodies are found mostly in India, the reason why Indians suffer from Diabetes more than any other nationalities. 

Diabetes constitutes of 6% of the world’s population. Early diagnosis is the best prevention against this silent killer. So, keep visiting your doctor routinely, especially those with family histories. 

Genetic  Risk Assessment of diabetes is the assessment to live long life. You can say this assessment helps you in leading the life with your ways just suggesting some great alternatives within the report depending upon your general details filled in the system which would help in reducing risk of complications of diabetes.

Now, you would think why it is so important to go for diabetes risk assessment scoring system, but this is really essential to find out your risk of diabetes developing in the body which can cause many complications of diabetes.

Specifically it found that lowering and maintaining more constant blood sugar levels reduced the risk of eye disease by 76%, kidney disease by 50%, nerve disease by 60% and cardiovascular disease by 35%. These complications are responsible for a reduction in the life expectancy of a newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetic by about one-third.

An obese person incurs 25% higher health expenditures than a person of normal weight in any given year. http://www.oecd.org/health/49716427.pdf

Dr Anoop Mishra, director of diabetology, obesity and metabolism department, Fortis Group asserts that a lower BMI guideline is necessary for Indians living anywhere in the world. "Indians are more prone to Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. We are developing diseases at lower BMI too, so it was absolutely necessary to revise these in India. We have also revised exercise guidelines to 60 minutes, all 7 days of the week. But a lot more still needs to be done. The government needs to launch a major programme to counter the obesity issue. Otherwise there will soon be a diabetic factory in India." http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-08-02/news/28385935_1_anti-obesity-body-mass-index-bmi

From http://www.jmnn.org/temp/JMedNutrNutraceut1137-8786347_022626.pdf

Earlier, developing countries, including India, had focused scarce public health resources primarily on the high prevalence of undernutrition. However, these nations are currently facing the double burden of undernutrition as well as overnutrition. Data regarding the nutritional status of adults, as determined by body mass index (BMI), indicate that 50% of Indian adults suffer from different types of chronic energy deficiency, in that they have a BMI <18.5 kg/m^2. In the same survey, it was observed that the BMI values were similar in men and women; however, there were more overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m^2) women (6.6%) than men (3.5%). In certain regions, obesity and consequent diseases are posing an enormous public health problem.

From http://www.childinfo.org/files/low_birthweight_from_EY.pdf

"India alone accounts for 40 per cent of low birthweight births in the developing world and more than half of those in Asia"

From http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932523994

"Health at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators

2. NON-MEDICAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH - Overweight and obesity among children

2.4.1. Children aged 5-17 years who are overweight (including obese), latest available estimates 18.3% girls and 20.6% boys in India.

10 facts on obesity

Reviewed March 2013

http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index.html (details on site)

1. Overweight and obesity are defined as "abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health"

Body mass index (BMI) – the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2) – is a commonly used index to classify overweight and obesity in adults. WHO defines overweight as a BMI equal to or more than 25, and obesity as a BMI equal to or more than 30.

2. More than 1.4 billion adults were overweight in 2008, and more than half a billion obese

3. Globally, over 40 million preschool children were overweight in 2008

4. Overweight and obesity are linked to more deaths worldwide than underweight

5. For an individual, obesity is usually the result of an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended

6. Supportive environments and communities are fundamental in shaping people’s choices and preventing obesity

7. Children's choices, diet and physical activity habits are influenced by their surrounding environment

8. Eating a healthy diet can help prevent obesity

People can:
1) maintain a healthy weight
2) limit total fat intake and shift fat consumption away from saturated fats to unsaturated fats
3) increase consumption of fruit, vegetables, pulses, whole grains and nuts
4) limit the intake of sugar and salt.

9. Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy body

10. Curbing the global obesity epidemic requires a population-based multisectoral, multi-disciplinary, and culturally relevant approach

Health Issues faced by BPO Employees - Health Fitness India

From http://www.trikal.org/ictbm11/pdf/OB/D1241-done.pdf

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Some of the health issues faced by BPO employees are:

Tension

Sleeplessness

Headaches

Eye-strain

Repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Voice loss, hearing problems and burn-out.

· Sleeping Disorders

One major severe ailment afflicting people working in Indian call centers is the sleeping disorder. Not only the freshers, even the experienced managers are unable to escape it. Some call centers are looking at devising innovative mechanisms like flexible shifts with sleeping arrangements in the office premises.

· Digestive System Related Problems

Working long hours and odd hours without any sleep, and eating food supplied by external caterers every day, has led to employees suffering from digestive disorders. Especially for the large number of girls working in the industry, the problem is even more severe. Many call centers are now taking additional care to ensure their caterers supply hygienic food; besides stipulating strict conditions to maintain the quality of the food they serve.

· Depression

The gradual realization that there are limited scopes in developing a career owing to fewer growth opportunities is increasing the frustration levels in the BPO industry. Coupled with growing mental fatigue and increasingly punishing physical environments, depression is the obvious end result. Some call centers have now devised different stress management programs mainly to counter depression.

· Eyesight Problems

Globally call center employees are considered a high risk group for eye related problems. While the quality of monitors might impact these disorders, sitting continually without adequate breaks seems to be the truerer reason. While this is already a problem in the IT industry, which some companies have overcome by use of anti-glare monitors.

· Hearing Ailments

A call center job invokes taking calls throughout the shift, sitting with headphones. While quality of headphones does make a difference, it would not be appropriate to say that good quality of headphones can solve this problem; it is more to do with giving rest between calls.

Cultural Shifts

Though on one side we learn to become as professional as western world executives some other disturbing issues are arising. One such serious issue is the personal habits that have undergone a considerable change.

The personal habits, discipline and behavioral issues and detachment with family have been discussed below.

· Personal Habits

The young executives tend to develop certain bad habits such as alcohol, smoking etc. It is not uncommon to find women smoking and drinking alcohol in the BPO setup which is definitely a social stigma in the Indian societies. There are increased concerns about the habits of the employees among the parents, who are not finding it easy to talk to them about their habits, which in no way are welcomed by the Indian families.

Solving such issues lies majorly in the hands of the employees and their employers. Employees can be made to attend counseling sessions of professional counselors. Conducting group counseling, workshops, educative film shows, in order to create awareness on effects of bad habits. Such actions will enable individuals to realize the importance of good habits and they could seek one-to-one counseling sessions.

· Discipline and Behavioral Issues

Call centers provide excellent working environment, free food and transportation. There is always a situation where individual or group of youngsters tend to commit mistakes and abuse the freedom. The most common behavior cited is misuse of food, behave erratically in vans, and smoke in public places, misuse of telephones and other resources of the company. The supervisors themselves reel under the pressure of performance and achieving targets. Hence do not give their time for finding solutions. The professional counselor can play a major role in educating the youngsters on discipline; provide advice to erring executives.

Unacceptable behaviors cause disturbance to others and affects the overall productivity. Continuous education and counseling will help to mitigate such problems and it is possible to change the behavior by adopting a positive approach.

· Detachment from the Family

Since the daytime is spent in sleep and recreational activities with friends. The employees are hardly able to give time for their families. Problems become more pronounced when they get married. Additional responsibilities of running a family demands more time and hence eventually people quit the industry. Most of the employees work on Indian holidays too, which causes frustration. Some employees even feel the need for inclusion in the family and the society. Hence it is important for family members to render support for their young sons and daughters and to help them with the stress that they are undergoing.

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Kindly note that minor health problems unchecked and not cared for can lead to major health problems. In this regard, all BPO employees should regularly visit doctors for general checkup and more as required.

I think that Genetics, Lifestyle and Environment determine a lot about how healthy and fit a life we would live. Research shows that the majority of people do not do the recommended levels of activity which has been putting people at a risk of a range of diseases. Activity has also been shown to reduce the chance of illnesses such as heart diseases, diabetes and some cancers. It can also help improve mental health. In this regard, I wish that the BPO employees do the best that they can to have the best health and fitness as possible while working in the BPO sector. I also wish that the Health and Fitness India network would be of value to them in this regard including towards uplifting the health and fitness of the masses.

I also think that the employers would do better with healthier and fitter employees and so the BPO employers should try to provide whatever that they can to their employees for their health and fitness.

Best,
Shakti

Read the Ergonomics and Exercise Article for Wellness of professionals at workplace (offices etc.)